Microsoft Ps 2 Keyboard Driver
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This topic describes the features of the following sample filter drivers in the Microsoft Windows Driver Kit (WDK):
Search Search Microsoft.com. Device downloads. For software and drivers, select your product from the list below. Internet Keyboard. Manuals Limited Warranty. Quick Start Guide. Limited Warranty. Quick Start Guide (English) Limited Warranty. Download the latest drivers, firmware, and software for your HP Premium Keyboard.This is HP’s official website that will help automatically detect and download the correct drivers free of cost for your HP Computing and Printing products for Windows and Mac operating system. Had the same issue with a Microsoft Natural MultiMedia Keyboard 1.0A followed the advice from OtheHill and can confirm that it works - running Windows 10 Pro N 64-bit - downloaded IntelliPoint 7.1 (Wiki says no more support for PS/2 keyboard in version 8.0 and above).
Kbfiltr, an optional upper-level filter driver for a Plug and Play PS/2-style keyboard device
Moufiltr, an optional upper-level filter driver for a Plug and Play PS/2-style mouse device
Kbfiltr and Moufiltr demonstrate how to filter I/O requests and add callback routines that modify the operation of the class service and the operation of I8042prt.
Note The design of the Terminal Server for Windows 2000 and later does not support using the sample keyboard and mouse filter drivers to filter input from devices physically installed on a remote client. A filter driver installed on a Terminal Server can only be used to filter the input from the devices physically installed on a Terminal Server. This is a consequence of the way the TermDD.sys driver for the Terminal Server handles input from remote clients.
Kbfiltr and Moufiltr support Plug and Play and power management.
Kbfiltr provides the following callback routines:
KbFilter_ServiceCallback
The keyboard filter service callback is added to the keyboard class service callback. The filter service callback can be configured to modify the keyboard input data that is saved in the class driver's data queue.
KbFilter_IsrHook
The keyboard filter ISR hook routine is a template for the IsrRoutine callback that I8042prt supports for a keyboard device. The callback can be configured to customize the operation of an ISR of a keyboard.
KbFilter_InitializationRoutine
The keyboard filter initialization routine is a template for the InitializationRoutine callback that I8042prt supports for a keyboard device. This callback can be configured to customize the initialization of a keyboard device.
Moufiltr provides the following callback routines:
MouFilter_ServiceCallback
The mouse filter service callback is added to the mouse class service callback. The filter service callback can be configured to modify the mouse input data that is saved in the class driver's data queue.
MouFilter_IsrHook
The mouse filter ISR hook routine is a template for the IsrRoutine callback that I8042prt supports for a mouse device. The callback can be configured to customize the operation of that mouse's ISR.
Customize the initialization and ISR of a device
Vendors can supply optional upper-level device filter drivers that can add the following optional callbacks to the operation of I8042prt:
PI8042_KEYBOARD_ISR
The keyboard interrupt service routine (ISR) customizes the operation of the I8042prt keyboard ISR. A keyboard ISR callback is not needed if the default operation of I8042prt is sufficient. After the I8042prt keyboard ISR validates a keyboard interrupt, it calls the keyboard ISR callback.
PI8042_MOUSE_ISR
The mouse ISR customizes the operation of the I8042prt mouse ISR. A mouse ISR callback is not needed if the default operation of I8042prt is sufficient. After the I8042prt mouse ISR validates a mouse interrupt, it calls the mouse ISR callback.
PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE
The keyboard initialization callback supplements the default initialization of a keyboard device by I8042prt. I8042prt calls this routine when it initializes a keyboard device.
I8042prt adds the callbacks provided by an upper-level device filter driver by using an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD request for a keyboard device and an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_MOUSE request for a mouse device. After I8042prt receives a connect request from a device class driver, I8042prt synchronously sends the device-specific hook request to the top of the device stack.
After a filter driver receives a hook request, it does the following:
Saves the upper-level driver hook information, if any, that is passed to the filter driver.
The hook information includes a pointer to a context, a pointer to an ISR callback, and a pointer to an initialization callback (initialization callback for a keyboard only).
Replaces the upper-level driver hook information with the filter driver's hook information.
Saves the context of I8042prt and the pointers to callbacks that the filter driver callbacks can use.
The sample filter drivers, Kbfiltr and Moufiltr, provide the following callback routines:
KbFilter_IsrHook is a template for the PI8042_KEYBOARD_ISR callback.
KbFilter_InitializationRoutine is a template for the PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE callback.
MouFilter_IsrHook is a template for the PI8042_MOUSE_ISR callback.
Synchronize the operation of a filter driver with a device's ISR
I8042prt uses a start information request to pass a pointer to a device's interrupt object to the upper-level drivers in its device stack. After a device is started, the filter driver can use the interrupt object to synchronize its operation with the interrupt service routine. Filter drivers should only use the interrupt object in calls to KeSynchronizeExecution.
I8042prt passes the interrupt object pointer to the top of the device stack by using an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_KEYBOARD_START_INFORMATION request for a keyboard device and an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_MOUSE_START_INFORMATION request for a mouse device. I8042prt synchronously sends a start information request to the top of the device stack after the hardware initialization of a device. After a filter driver receives a start information request, it saves the start information and passes the request down the device stack. I8042prt completes the request.
Synchronize writes by a filter driver to a device
To customize the operation of a device, a filter driver needs to write control data to the device. The filter driver must synchronize writes to a device with the device's interrupt service routine and other asynchronous reads or writes on the device (for example, writes that are initiated by a set typematic request or a set keyboard indicator request).
I8042prt supports an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_KEYBOARD_WRITE_BUFFER request and an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_MOUSE_WRITE_BUFFER request for this purpose. A write buffer request is synchronized with the device's ISR and other requests that read or write the device.
I8042prt callbacks that filter drivers can use
I8042prt supports the following callbacks that an upper-level device filter driver can use in its ISR callback:
PI8042_ISR_WRITE_PORT
A write port callback for a device writes to the i8042 port at the IRQL of the device's ISR.
PI8042_QUEUE_PACKET
A queue packet callback for a device queues an input data packet for processing by the device's ISR DPC.
PI8042_SYNCH_READ_PORT
This callback can be used in a PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE callback. I8042prt specifies the read port callback in the ReadPort parameter that I8042prt inputs to a keyboard initialization routine.
PI8042_SYNCH_WRITE_PORT
This callback can be used in a PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE callback. I8042prt specifies the write port callback in the WritePort parameter that I8042prt inputs to a keyboard initialization routine.
I8042prt passes pointers to the keyboard device callbacks in a INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD structure that I8042prt uses to input information with an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD request.
I8042prt passes pointers to the mouse device callbacks in a INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_MOUSE structure that I8042prt uses to input information with an IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD request.
After a filter driver receives a hook device request, it saves the I8042prt callback pointers for use in the filter driver's ISR callback.
-->Note
This topic is for developers who are creating drivers for keyboard and mouse HID clients. If you are looking to fix a mouse or keyboard, see:
This topic discusses keyboard and mouse HID client drivers. Keyboards and mice represent the first set of HID clients that were standardized in the HID Usage tables and implemented in Windows operating systems.
Keyboard and mouse HID client drivers are implemented in the form of HID Mapper Drivers. A HID mapper driver is a kernel-mode WDM filter driver that provides a bidirectional interface for I/O requests between a non-HID Class driver and the HID class driver. The mapper driver maps the I/O requests and data protocols of one to the other.
Windows provides system-supplied HID mapper drivers for HID keyboard, and HID mice devices.
Architecture and overview
Standard Ps 2 Driver Download
The following figure illustrates the system-supplied driver stacks for USB keyboard and mouse/touchpad devices.
The figure above includes the following components:
- KBDHID.sys – HID client mapper driver for keyboards. Converts HID usages into scancodes to interface with the existing keyboard class driver.
- MOUHID.sys – HID client mapper driver for mice/touchpads. Converts HID usages into mouse commands (X/Y, buttons, wheel) to interface with the existing keyboard class driver.
- KBDCLASS.sys – The keyboard class driver maintains functionality for all keyboards and keypads on the system in a secure manner.
- MOUCLASS.sys – The mouse class driver maintains functionality for all mice / touchpads on the system. The driver does support both absolute and relative pointing devices. This is not the driver for touchscreens as that is managed by a different driver in Windows.
The system builds the driver stack as follows:
- The transport stack creates a physical device object (PDO) for each HID device attached and loads the appropriate HID transport driver which in turn loads the HID Class Driver.
- The HID class driver creates a PDO for each keyboard or mouse TLC. Complex HID devices (more than 1 TLC) are exposed as multiple PDOs created by HID class driver. For example, a keyboard with an integrated mouse might have one collection for the standard keyboard controls and a different collection for the mouse.
- The keyboard or mouse hid client mapper drivers are loaded on the appropriate FDO.
- The HID mapper drivers create FDOs for keyboard and mouse, and load the class drivers.
Important notes:
- Vendor drivers are not required for keyboards and mice that are compliant with the supported HID Usages and top level collections.
- Vendors may optionally provide filter drivers in the HID stack to alter/enhance the functionality of these specific TLC.
- Vendors should create separate TLCs, that are vendor specific, to exchange vendor proprietary data between their hid client and the device. Avoid using filter drivers unless critical.
- The system opens all keyboard and mouse collections for its exclusive use.
- The system prevents disable/enabling a keyboard.
- The system provides support for horizontal/vertical wheels with smooth scrolling capabilities.
Driver Guidance
Microsoft provides the following guidance for IHVs writing drivers:
Driver developers are allowed to add additional drivers in the form of a filter driver or a new HID Client driver. The criteria are described below:
Filters Drivers: Driver developers should ensure that their value-add driver is a filter driver and does not replace (or be used in place of) existing Windows HID drivers in the input stack.
- Filter drivers are allowed in the following scenarios:
- As an upper filter to kbdhid/mouhid
- As an upper filter to kbdclass/mouclass
- Filter drivers are not recommended as a filter between HIDCLASS and HID Transport minidriver
- Filter drivers are allowed in the following scenarios:
Function Drivers: Alternatively vendors can create a function driver (instead of a filter driver) but only for vendor specific HID PDOs (with a user mode service if necessary).
Function drivers are allowed in the following scenarios:
- Only load on the specific vendor’s hardware
Transport Drivers: Windows team does not recommend creating additional HID Transport minidriver as they are complex drivers to write/maintain. If a partner is creating a new HID Transport minidriver, especially on SoC systems, we recommend a detailed architectural review to understand the reasoning and ensure that the driver is developed correctly.
Driver developers should leverage driver Frameworks (KMDF or UMDF) and not rely on WDM for their filter drivers.
Driver developers should reduce the number of kernel-user transitions between their service and the driver stack.
Driver developers should ensure ability to wake the system via both keyboard and touchpad functionality (adjustable by the end user (device manager) or the PC manufacturer). In addition on SoC systems, these devices must be able to wake themselves from a lower powered state while the system is in a working S0 state.
Driver developers should ensure that their hardware is power managed efficiently.
- Device can go into its lowest power state when the device is idle.
- Device is in the lowest power state when the system is in a low power state (for example, standby (S3) or connected standby).
Keyboard layout
A keyboard layout fully describes a keyboard's input characteristics for Microsoft Windows 2000 and later versions. For example, a keyboard layout specifies the language, keyboard type and version, modifiers, scan codes, and so on.
See the following for information about keyboard layouts:
Keyboard header file, kdb.h, in the Windows Driver Development Kit (DDK), which documents general information about keyboard layouts.
Sample keyboard layouts.
To visualize the layout of a specific keyboard, see Windows Keyboard Layouts.
For additional details around the keyboard layout, visit Control PanelClock, Language, and RegionLanguage.
Supported buttons and wheels on mice
The following table identifies the features supported across different client versions of the Windows operating system.
| Feature | Windows XP | Windows Vista | Windows 7 | Windows 8 and later |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buttons 1-5 | Supported (P/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) |
| Vertical Scroll Wheel | Supported (PS/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) | Supported (PS/2 & HID) |
| Horizontal Scroll Wheel | Not Supported | Supported(HID only) | Supported(HID only) | Supported(HID only) |
| Smooth Scroll Wheel Support (Horizontal and Vertical) | Not Supported | Partly Supported | Supported (HID only) | Supported (HID only) |
Activating buttons 4-5 and wheel on PS/2 mice
The method used by Windows to activate the new 4&5-button + wheel mode is an extension of the method used to activate the third button and the wheel in IntelliMouse-compatible mice:
- First, the mouse is set to the 3-button wheel mode, which is accomplished by setting the report rate consecutively to 200 reports/second, then to 100 reports/second, then to 80 reports/second, and then reading the ID from the mouse. The mouse should report an ID of 3 when this sequence is completed.
- Next, the mouse is set to the 5-button wheel mode, which is accomplished by setting the report rate consecutively to 200 reports/second, then to 200 reports/second again, then to 80 reports/second, and then reading the ID from the mouse. Once this sequence is completed, a 5-button wheel mouse should report an ID of 4 (whereas an IntelliMouse-compatible 3-button wheel mouse would still report an ID of 3).
Note that this is applicable to PS/2 mice only and is not applicable to HID mice (HID mice must report accurate usages in their report descriptor).
Standard PS/2-compatible mouse data packet format (2 Buttons)
| Byte | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yover | Xover | Ysign | Xsign | Tag | M | R | L | X/Y overvlows and signs, buttons |
| 2 | X7 | X6 | X5 | X4 | X3 | X2 | X1 | X0 | X data byte |
| 3 | Y7 | Y6 | Y5 | Y4 | Y3 | Y2 | Y1 | Y0 | Y data bytes |
Note
Windows mouse drivers do not check the overflow bits. In case of overflow, the mouse should simply send the maximal signed displacement value.
Standard PS/2-compatible mouse data packet format (3 Buttons + VerticalWheel)
| Byte | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 0 | Ysign | Xsign | 1 | M | R | L | X/Y signs and R/L/M buttons |
| 2 | X7 | X6 | X5 | X4 | X3 | X2 | X1 | X0 | X data byte |
| 3 | Y7 | Y6 | Y5 | Y4 | Y3 | Y2 | Y1 | Y0 | Y data bytes |
| 4 | Z7 | Z6 | Z5 | Z4 | Z3 | Z2 | Z1 | Z0 | Z/wheel data byte |
Standard PS/2-compatible mouse data packet format (5 Buttons + VerticalWheel)
| Byte | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | D0 | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 0 | Ysign | Xsign | 1 | M | R | L | X/Y signs and R/L/M buttons |
| 2 | X7 | X6 | X5 | X4 | X3 | X2 | X1 | X0 | X data byte |
| 3 | Y7 | Y6 | Y5 | Y4 | Y3 | Y2 | Y1 | Y0 | Y data bytes |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | B5 | B4 | Z3 | Z2 | Z1 | Z0 | Z/wheel data and buttons 4 and 5 |
Important
Notice that the Z/wheel data for a 5-button wheel mouse has been reduced to four bits instead of the 8 bits used in the IntelliMouse-compatible 3-button wheel mode. This reduction is made possible by the fact that the wheel typically cannot generate values beyond the range +7/-8 during any given interrupt period. Windows mouse drivers will sign extend the four Z/wheel data bits when the mouse is in the 5-button wheel mode, and the full Z/wheel data byte when the mouse operates in the 3-button wheel mode.
Buttons 4 & 5 on are mapped to WM_APPCOMMAND messages and correspond to App_Back and App_Forward.
Devices not requiring vendor drivers
Vendor drivers are not required for the following devices:
- Devices that comply with the HID Standard.
- Keyboard, mouse, or game port devices operated by the system-supplied non-HIDClass drivers.
Kbfiltr sample
Kbfiltr is designed to be used with Kbdclass, the system class driver for keyboard devices and I8042prt, the function driver for a PS/2-style keyboard. Kbfiltr demonstrates how to filter I/O requests and how to add callback routines that modify the operation of Kbdclass and I8042prt.
For more information about Kbfiltr operation, see the following:
The ntddkbd.h WDK header file.
The sample Kbfiltr source code.
Kbfiltr IOCTLs
IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD request does the following:
- Adds an initialization callback routine to the I8042prt keyboard initialization routine.
- Adds an ISR callback routine to the I8042prt keyboard ISR.
The initialization and ISR callbacks are optional and are provided by an upper-level filter driver for a PS/2-style keyboard device.
After I8042prt receives an IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_CONNECT request, it sends a synchronous IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_KEYBOARD request to the top of the keyboard device stack.
After Kbfiltr receives the hook keyboard request, Kbfiltr filters the request in the following way:
- Saves the upper-level information passed to Kbfiltr, which includes the context of an upper-level device object, a pointer to an initialization callback, and a pointer to an ISR callback.
- Replaces the upper-level information with its own.
- Saves the context of I8042prt and pointers to callbacks that the Kbfiltr ISR callback can use.
IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_CONNECT
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_CONNECT request connects the Kbdclass service to the keyboard device. Kbdclass sends this request down the keyboard device stack before it opens the keyboard device.
After Kbfiltr received the keyboard connect request, Kbfiltr filters the connect request in the following way:
- Saves a copy of Kbdclass's CONNECT_DATA (Kbdclass) structure that is passed to the filter driver by Kbdclass.
- Substitutes its own connect information for the class driver connect information.
- Sends the IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_CONNECT request down the device stack.
If the request is not successful, Kbfiltr completes the request with an appropriate error status.
Kbfiltr provides a template for a filter service callback routine that can supplement the operation of KeyboardClassServiceCallback, the Kbdclass class service callback routine. The filter service callback can filter the input data that is transferred from the device input buffer to the class data queue.
IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_DISCONNECT
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_DISCONNECT request is completed with a status of STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED. Note that a Plug and Play keyboard can be added or removed by the Plug and Play manager.
For all other device control requests, Kbfiltr skips the current IRP stack and sends the request down the device stack without further processing.
Callback routines implemented by Kbfiltr
KbFilter_InitializationRoutine
See PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE
The KbFilter_InitializationRoutine is not needed if the I8042prt default initialization of a keyboard is sufficient.
I8042prt calls KbFilter_InitializationRoutine when it initializes the keyboard. Default keyboard initialization includes the following operations:
- reset the keyboard
- set the typematic rate and delay
- set the light-emitting diodes (LED)
KbFilter_IsrHook
See PI8042_KEYBOARD_ISR. This callback is not needed if the default operation of I8042prt is sufficient.
The I8042prt keyboard ISR calls KbFilter_IsrHook after it validates the interrupt and reads the scan code.
KbFilter_IsrHook runs in kernel mode at the IRQL of the I8042prt keyboard.
KbFilter_ServiceCallback
See PSERVICE_CALLBACK_ROUTINE.
The ISR dispatch completion routine of the function driver calls KbFilter_ServiceCallback, which then calls the keyboard class driver's implementation of PSERVICE_CALLBACK_ROUTINE. A vendor can implement a filter service callback to modify the input data that is transferred from the device's input buffer to the class data queue. For example, the callback can delete, transform, or insert data.
Moufiltr sample
Moufiltr is designed to be used with Mouclass, the system class driver for mouse devices used with Windows 2000 and later versions, and I8042prt, the function driver for a PS/2-style mouse used with Windows 2000 and later. Moufiltr demonstrates how to filter I/O requests and add callback routines that modify the operation of Mouclass and I8042prt.
For more information about Moufiltr operation, see the following:
The ntddmou.h WDK header file.
The sample Moufiltr source code.
Moufiltr control codes
IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_MOUSE
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_MOUSE request adds an ISR callback routine to the I8042prt mouse ISR. The ISR callback is optional and is provided by an upper-level mouse filter driver.
I8042prt sends this request after it receives an IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_CONNECT request. I8042prt sends a synchronous IOCTL_INTERNAL_I8042_HOOK_MOUSE request to the top of the mouse device stack.
After Moufiltr receives the hook mouse request, it filters the request in the following way:
- Saves the upper-level information passed to Moufiltr, which includes the context of an upper-level device object and a pointer to an ISR callback.
- Replaces the upper-level information with its own.
- Saves the context of I8042prt and pointers to callbacks that the Moufiltr ISR callbacks can use.
Moufiltr Callback Routines
IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_CONNECT
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_CONNECT request connects Mouclass service to a mouse device.
IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_DISCONNECT
The IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_DISCONNECT request is completed by Moufiltr with an error status of STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.
For all other requests, Moufiltr skips the current IRP stack and sends the request down the device stack without further processing.
Callback routines
MouFilter_IsrHook
Driver Microsoft Natural Ps 2 Keyboard
See PI8042_MOUSE_ISR.
A MouFilter_IsrHook callback is not needed if the default operation of I8042prt is sufficient.
The I8042prt mouse ISR calls MouFilter_IsrHook after it validates the interrupt.
To reset a mouse, I8042prt goes through a sequence of operational substates, each one of which is identified by an MOUSE_RESET_SUBSTATE enumeration value. For more information about how I8042prt resets a mouse and the corresponding mouse reset substates, see the documentation of MOUSE_RESET_SUBSTATE in ntdd8042.h.
MouFilter_IsrHook runs in kernel mode at the IRQL of the I8042prt mouse ISR.
MouFilter_ServiceCallback
See PSERVICE_CALLBACK_ROUTINE
The ISR DPC of I8042prt calls MouFilter_ServiceCallback, which then calls MouseClassServiceCallback. A filter service callback can be configured to modify the input data that is transferred from the device's input buffer to the class data queue. For example, the callback can delete, transform, or insert data.